Don't you want to know how water comes from?

As we all know. Water is the source of life.So liquid filters are very important to us.

Industrial water treatment is necessary to produce clean water, a resource vital to life and a key ingredient in products ranging from textiles to pharmaceuticals.

In practice, modern industrial water treatment facilities accelerate the natural process of purifying water. These facilities can prepare water for consumption, manufacturing purposes, and even safe disposal. To this end, facilities can utilize a variety of water treatment technologies, techniques and industrial software.

Currently, the water treatment industry is undergoing a major shift as Industry 4.0 technologies and other innovations help water treatment to be more efficient and effective.

Primary Treatment

All water treatment facilities start with some form of untreated water. Depending on the facility, this may be residential wastewater, industrial wastewater, raw water (untreated water that occurs naturally in the environment), or another type of untreated water that requires treatment.

The water intake system draws this water into the facility itself, usually using gravity or powered water pumps. Water flows through a metal screen or grate to prevent large objects, such as sticks or rags, from entering the system that could damage the treatment equipment.

Next, some systems send the water to a grit chamber to remove solids such as sand, gravel, and small stones from the water. These chambers are often more common in wastewater facilities that process raw water or residential wastewater, especially in communities where sand or gravel pollutes the water.

Next, the water will enter the clarification system. The system forces water through a multi-step process that removes suspended solids.

Some solids may need to be removed from the water using special clarification techniques. Liming softening, a popular technique for removing hardness (calcium and magnesium salt deposits) by precipitation, for example, can also be used to remove granular silica from wastewater.

The specific techniques and systems often depend on local water conditions—or the type of pollution that is affecting the water in the area.

After the water passes through the facility's clarification system, most of the inorganic solids present in the raw water have been removed.

However, water leaving a primary treatment system may still contain organics that need to be removed by the treatment system before the water is ready for consumption or disposal.

Secondary Treatment

Various systems will help water treatment facilities remove organic pollutants from water.

For example, in wastewater treatment facilities, secondary treatment typically consists of a two-part treatment system using trickling filters and the "activated sludge process." The process is also used to treat industrial wastewater.

A trickling filter is a layer of stone, three to six feet deep, through which sewage is passed. More modern trickling filters may use interlocking pieces of corrugated plastic or similar material to provide improved filtration. In either case, trickling filters help capture organics and prepare effluent for the activated sludge process.

The activated sludge process helps remove organic matter from sewage by utilizing bacteria already present in the sewage, which are able to degrade the organic matter and remove nutrients from the water. This process converts these organic pollutants into energy, additional water and carbon dioxide.

These bacteria are capable of removing about 85 percent of the organic matter in wastewater, but the process is slow. Activated sludge systems speed up this process by bringing oxygen and sludge full of extra bacteria into intimate contact with the wastewater. Heat can also speed up the process, but facilities in cooler climates can also take advantage of the activated sludge process.

Other disinfection methods may help support the activated sludge process or replace it entirely. Chemical disinfection (often using chlorine), ultraviolet disinfection or heating are all popular strategies for municipal and industrial water treatment plants.

After this process, the water is usually treated with chlorine and then discharged either to receive water or to pipes around industrial facilities. Chlorine kills about 99 percent of bacteria in water and helps control odors. The dechlorination process will help ensure that no excess chlorine remains in the discharge water.

Many facilities will produce chlorine gas on-site – otherwise, they would be forced to transport and store large quantities of chlorine gas, sometimes in gaseous form, to the facility. Producing chlorine gas on-site simplifies handling and reduces potential safety hazards associated with chlorine gas.

Other Water Treatment Methods

Some water treatment facilities may need to treat water to address issues such as water hardness or sulfate levels. These facilities can use lime softening or membrane filtration to clarify and soften the water.

lime softening

Hard water can cause all sorts of problems in water systems in homes, commercial buildings, and industrial facilities—such as water heater scaling. Some water utilities soften water to improve its quality for domestic and industrial use.

Lime softening is a common treatment strategy used to soften hard groundwater. Water treatment facilities will add slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) or quicklime (calcium oxide) to the water to be treated.

These substances raise the pH of the water enough to cause the precipitation of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide from the bicarbonate and carbonate compounds that cause water hardness.

The typical pH of water that is ready to be lime softened is between 6.5 and 8.5. Lime softening will raise the pH to around 10.

Membrane Filtration

Membrane filtration involves the use of membranes to filter particles from water. Membrane filtration systems are similar to trickle filters or other systems that use sand and media filters in that it helps remove particulates but typically does not remove dissolved solids.

Several types of membrane filters exist, including microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), reverse osmosis (RO), and nanofiltration (NF) membranes. Each of these membranes provides a different level of water purification.

Key Technology of Modern Industrial Water Treatment

Both municipal and industrial wastewater facilities use many of the same technologies to purify water.

Filtration, chemical or biological purification and softening can all be used in one facility to ensure water is effectively treated and ready for consumption, industrial use or disposal.

Some facilities may also use UV or thermal treatments to ensure the water is actually ready for use or consumption.

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